前言：你认为在现代并且职业还是程序猿 还有必要学好英语吗？ Deepseek— 答案是肯定的：非常有必要，而且比十年前更重要。
但在 2026 年的今天，“学好英语”的定义已经变了。它不再是为了考四级、看语法书，而是为了突破“信息茧房”和“AI 能力上限”。 结合你的职业（程序员，还在玩 UE5 和 Linux），我从 5 个“现代生存维度”给你拆解：
1. AI 时代：英文决定了你的“AI 智商”天花板
你现在用豆包、ChatGPT，如果只输入中文，你得到的是“中文互联网语料”训练出的结果；如果你输入英文，你调用的是全球最前沿的英文语料库。
- 关键认知：用英文写 Prompt，AI 给出的代码逻辑更严谨、上下文窗口利用率更高。 很多复杂的 UE5 C++ 报错，用英文问 AI 能一步到位找到根源，而中文翻译往往会丢失关键术语（如
UPROPERTY、BlueprintNativeEvent的微妙区别）。
2. 信息差：中文技术社区存在“滞后效应”
GitHub 上的 Issue、Stack Overflow 的最新回答、Unreal 官方论坛的修复补丁，第一时间全是英文。
- 等某篇优质文章被翻译成中文，技术可能已经迭代了两个版本（尤其是 UE5 每周都有热更新）。
- 现实：你用中文搜索“UE5 打包报错”，可能只有 3 条结果；换成英文搜索，可能找到 300 条讨论。读英文原文，让你从“别人喂饭”变成“自己找肉吃”。
3. 代码命名与注释：拒绝“拼音式编程”
现代开发强调团队协作和代码可维护性。
- 如果你的变量名是
PlayerXueLiang（拼音）而不是PlayerHealth，这在 AI 代码审查或同事协作时会非常尴尬。英文好，意味着你的代码具有“全球通用性”。 - 写 Commit Message 和 PR 描述时，好的英文能让你在 GitHub 上获得更多大神的 Review 关注。
4. 职业天花板：从“国内”走向“远程/出海”
现在的程序猿职业路径变了。国内互联网增量见顶，很多机会在 “出海应用” 或 “远程外包”。
- 英文好，你能直接看英文原版 Unity/Unreal 官方文档（中文翻译经常有歧义）。
- 英文好，你能在 Upwork 或 Fiverr 接海外 UE5 蓝图的单子，时薪是国内的 3-5 倍。
- 说白了，英文是你进入全球劳动力市场的门票，不仅是为了读文档，是为了赚美金/欧元。
5. 思维底层逻辑：英文比中文更贴近“编程思维”
编程语言（C++、C#）的关键字都是英文动词（class、interface、virtual、override）。
- 当你习惯了英文逻辑，你会发现 “英语思维”非常结构化：主谓宾清晰，时态明确（完成时、进行时），这和代码的“顺序、分支、循环”逻辑天然匹配。
- 很多国内的代码屎山，往往源于开发者用中文逻辑去套英文语法，导致看源码时大脑需要多一道“翻译转换”工序，这非常消耗脑力。
calendar /ˈkælɪndə/ n. 历法，日历
① The lunar calendar is still used in many traditional festivals.
（农历在许多传统节日中仍在使用。）
importance /ɪmˈpɔːtns/ n. 重要性，重大意义
① The discovery is of great importance to understanding early human cognition.
（这项发现对于理解早期人类的认知能力极其重要。）
dots /dɒts/ n. 小圆点，点状标记
① Ancient people used dots to represent individual items or days.
（古代人用点来表示单个物品或天数。）
lines /laɪnz/ n. 线条，刻线
① Parallel lines on the bone suggested a deliberate counting method.
（骨头上的平行线条暗示了一种刻意的计数方法。）
symbols /ˈsɪmblz/ n. 符号，象征
① These symbols might have represented the phases of the moon.
（这些符号可能代表了月相变化。）
engrave /ɪnˈɡreɪv/ v. 雕刻，镌刻
① Notches were engraved on the bone to record the passing of days.
（骨头上的凹痕被用来记录日子的流逝。）
in a unique position 处于独特的地位/拥有独一无二的条件
① With advanced technology, we are in a unique position to observe deep space.
（凭借先进技术，我们拥有了观测深空的独特条件。）
come to do 逐步开始做某事
① When you come to read this book, you will understand my point.
（当你将来读到这本书时，你会明白我的观点。）
record /rɪˈkɔːd/ v. 记录，记载
① We must record every detail of this experiment.
（我们必须记录这次实验的每个细节。）
our own times 我们自己的时代/当代
① In our own times, information spreads faster than ever before.
（在我们这个时代，信息传播比以往任何时候都快。）
hardly /ˈhɑːdli/ adv. 几乎不
① I can hardly concentrate with all this noise.
（这么吵我几乎无法集中注意力。）
select /sɪˈlekt/ v. 挑选，精选
① The teacher told us which books to read for the exam.
（老师告诉我们考试该读哪些书。）
a great mass of 大量的
① Scientists have to deal with a great mass of data every day.
（科学家每天要处理海量数据。）
evidence /ˈevɪdəns/ n. 证据，根据（不可数）
① There is no evidence that he was involved in the crime.
（没有证据表明他参与了犯罪。）
steadily /ˈstedɪli/ adv. 稳定地，持续不断地
① The population of the city is steadily increasing.
（这个城市的人口在持续稳定增长。）
accumulate /əˈkjuːmjəleɪt/ v. 积累，积聚
① Dust accumulates on the shelf if you don’t clean it.
（如果不打扫，架子上就会积灰。）
what is more 更重要的是；而且
① The book is well-written, and what is more, it’s based on true events.
（这本书写得好，而且更重要的是，它基于真实事件。）
rely solely on 仅仅依赖
① You shouldn’t rely solely on your memory; take notes.
（你不该只靠记忆，要做笔记。）
the written word 文字记录；书面语言
① In the digital age, the written word is no longer the only source of knowledge.
（在数字时代，文字已不再是唯一的知识来源。）
are just some of 仅仅是……的一部分
① These books are just some of the references you need to read.
（这些书只是你需要阅读的部分参考书目。）
bewildering /bɪˈwɪldərɪŋ/ adj. 令人眼花缭乱的
① The Internet offers a bewildering array of opinions on every topic.
（互联网对每个话题都提供了令人眼花缭乱的各种观点。）
amount /əˈmaʊnt/ n. 数量（修饰不可数名词）
① A large amount of money was spent on the project.
（这个项目花了大量资金。）
information /ˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃn/ n. 信息（不可数）
① We need more information before making a decision.
（做决定之前我们需要更多信息。）
as it were 可以说；好比是（固定插入语）
① He is, as it were, the heart of the team.
（他可以说是团队的心脏。）
see and hear 亲眼目睹和亲耳聆听
① We want to see and hear the real story, not just read about it.
（我们想亲眼看到、亲耳听到真实的故事，而不只是读到它。）
in action 在行动中；在实际活动中
① The photographer captured the firefighters in action.
（摄影师捕捉到了消防员在救火现场的镜头。）
be faced with 面临，面对
① We are now faced with a serious shortage of resources.
（我们现在面临着严重的资源短缺问题。）
deduce /dɪˈdjuːs/ v. 推断，推理
① From the animal bones found at the site, archaeologists deduced that the people there relied on hunting.
（从遗址出土的动物骨头，考古学家推断出那里的人依赖狩猎为生。）
scanty /ˈskænti/ adj. 少量的；不足的
① The evidence is too scanty to support his theory.
（证据太少了，不足以支持他的理论。）
clues /kluːz/ n. 线索
① The police are looking for clues that might identify the suspect.
（警方正在寻找可能识别嫌疑人的线索。）
available /əˈveɪləbl/ adj. 可用的；现有的
① We must make the best use of the resources available.
（我们必须充分利用现有的资源。）
Even seemingly insignificant 即使是看似微不足道的
① Even seemingly insignificant details in a contract can cause legal trouble later.
（合同中即使是看似微不足道的细节，日后也可能引发法律纠纷。）
remains /rɪˈmeɪnz/ n. 遗存，遗物，遗迹
① Archaeologists are studying the remains of an ancient village buried under the ash.
（考古学家正在研究一座被埋在火山灰下的古村落遗址。）
shed light on 阐明，揭示
① These new findings shed light on the cause of the disease.
（这些新发现阐明了这种疾病的病因。）
② The diary of the soldier sheds light on the daily life during the war.
（这位士兵的日记揭示了战争期间的日常生活。）
the history of early man 早期人类的历史
① The discovery of fire was a turning point in the history of early man.
（火的发现是早期人类历史中的一个转折点。）
Up to now 到目前为止
① Up to now, scientists have found no cure for this disease.
（到目前为止，科学家们仍未找到治愈这种疾病的方法。）
have assumed /əˈsjuːm/ v. 假定，认为
① Many people assume that money brings happiness, but that’s not always true.
（许多人认为金钱能带来幸福，但这并不总是对的。）
came into being 形成；产生；诞生
① The Internet came into being in the late 20th century.
（互联网诞生于20世纪末。）
advent /ˈædvent/ n. 出现；到来
① With the advent of artificial intelligence, many jobs are changing.
（随着人工智能的出现，许多工作正在发生变化。）
for 因为（并列连词，补充说明原因）
① He must have passed this way, for here are his footprints.
（他肯定是从这条路走的，因为这里有他的脚印。）
② He must have passed the exam, for he looks very happy today.
（他肯定通过考试了，因为今天他看起来很高兴。）
Recent /ˈriːsnt/ adj. 最近的
① Recent studies have shown that sleep is essential for memory.
（最近的研究表明，睡眠对记忆至关重要。）
scientific evidence 科学证据
① There is growing scientific evidence that diet affects mental health.
（越来越多的科学证据表明饮食影响心理健康。）
seems to 似乎（谨慎语气）
① The economy seems to be recovering slowly.
（经济似乎在缓慢复苏。）
indicate /ˈɪndɪkeɪt/ v. 表明，显示
① The survey results indicate a growing concern about the environment.
（调查结果表明，人们对环境的担忧日益加剧。）
this assumption 这种假设
① The theory has been widely accepted. However, this assumption may need re-examination.
（这一理论已被广泛接受。然而，这一假设可能需要重新审视。）
incorrect /ˌɪnkəˈrekt/ adj. 不正确的
① The information provided in the report turned out to be incorrect.
（报告中提供的信息被证明是不正确的。）
have long been puzzled 长期以来一直感到困惑
① Scientists have long been puzzled by the strange signals coming from deep space.
（科学家们长期以来一直对来自深空的奇怪信号感到困惑。）
mammoth /ˈmæməθ/ n. （古）长毛象
① Historians studied the ivory tusks of mammoths.
（历史学家研究了猛犸象的象牙。）
ivory / tusk （Ivory = 材质/象牙质，Tusk = 器官/长牙）
① The elephant’s tusks are made of ivory.
（大象的长牙是由象牙制成的。）
nomads /ˈnəʊmædz/ n. 游牧民族
① Nomads followed the herds of animals across the vast grasslands.
（游牧民穿越辽阔的草原，追随兽群迁徙。）
lived by 以……为生
① They lived by fishing.
（他们靠捕鱼为生。）
By correlating… 通过将……相互关联
① By correlating data from different weather stations, scientists can predict climate trends.
（通过将不同气象站的数据相互关联，科学家可以预测气候趋势。）
have been able to 经过努力终于能够（现在完成时）
① After years of research, scientists have been able to decode the ancient script.
（经过多年研究，科学家们终于能够破译这种古代文字了。）
be connected with 与……有关联
① Many ancient monuments are connected with the movements of the sun.
（许多古代遗迹与太阳的运行有关。）
passage /ˈpæsɪdʒ/ n. （时间的）流逝
① With the passage of time, their memories faded.
（随着时间的流逝，他们的记忆模糊了。）
phases of the moon 月相
① Farmers used to plant crops according to the phases of the moon.
（农民过去根据月相来播种。）
in fact 事实上；其实
① Many people think the marks are random, but in fact, they follow a strict pattern.
（许多人认为这些痕迹是随意的，但事实上，它们遵循着严格的规律。）
a primitive type of 一种原始的……类型
① The abacus is a primitive type of calculator.
（算盘是一种原始类型的计算器。）
It has long been known that… 人们早就知道……
① It has long been known that regular exercise benefits both physical and mental health.
（人们早就知道，规律锻炼对身心健康都有益。）
depict /dɪˈpɪkt/ v. 描绘，刻画
① The painting depicts a group of hunters chasing a mammoth.
（这幅画描绘了一群猎人正在追逐一头猛犸象。）
definite /ˈdefɪnət/ adj. 明确的，确切的
① The doctor gave a definite diagnosis after the test.
（检查之后，医生给出了明确的诊断。）
It is possible that… 很有可能……
① It is possible that early humans used these marks to record the migration of animals.
（早期人类很可能用这些标记来记录动物的迁徙。）
definite relation 明确的关系
① Scientists are trying to establish a definite relation between air pollution and lung diseases.
（科学家正试图在空气污染和肺部疾病之间建立明确的关系。）
It seems that… 看起来；似乎
① It seems that the ancient people used these marks to record lunar cycles.
（看来古人用这些标记来记录月相周期。）
man 人类（单数不加冠词）
① Man has always been curious about the stars.
（人类一直对星星充满好奇。）
punctual /ˈpʌŋktʃuəl/ adj. 准时的
① The train is rarely punctual during the rainy season.
（雨季时这趟火车很少准点。）
unshakable /ʌnˈʃeɪkəbl/ adj. 不可动摇的
① She has an unshakable belief in the goodness of human nature.
（她对人性本善有着不可动摇的信念。）
faith /feɪθ/ n. 信念；信仰
① We should have faith in our own abilities.
（我们应该对自己的能力有信心。）
blame /bleɪm/ v. 责怪；归咎于
① It’s not fair to blame the driver for the accident.
（把事故归咎于司机是不公平的。）
The truth is that… 事实是……（打破常规认知）
① The truth is that most traffic accidents are caused by driver errors, not road conditions.
（事实是，大多数交通事故是由驾驶员的失误造成的，而非路况。）
At the time 当时（暗示后知后觉）
① At the time, I thought it was a good idea. Looking back, it was a disaster.
（当时我觉得这是个好主意。现在回头看，简直是一场灾难。）
strike sb. as 给某人留下……的印象
① His suggestion struck me as impractical.
（他的建议让我觉得不切实际。）
② The proposal struck the committee as impractical and overly expensive.
（这个提议让委员会觉得不切实际且过于昂贵。）
③ The new policy strikes many teachers as unfair to students from disadvantaged backgrounds.
（新政策让许多老师觉得对来自弱势背景的学生不公平。）
odd /ɒd/ adj. 奇怪的；反常的
① It’s odd that she didn’t call back.
（她没有回电话，有点奇怪。）
Even a child can understand 连小孩子都能理解
① Even a child can understand this question.
（连小孩子都能理解这个问题。）
mighty /ˈmaɪti/ adj. 强大的；威力无比的
① The mighty river flowed through the valley.
（这条汹涌的大河穿谷而过。）
cover /ˈkʌvə/ v. 走完/行驶（一段路程）
① We covered 300 miles in just five hours.
（我们五小时就跑了300英里。）
cover 表达"走完一段路"
① We managed to cover the remaining 50 miles before sunset.
（我们在日落前赶完了剩下的50英里。）
② The marathon runner covered the distance in just over two hours.
（这位马拉松运动员在两小时多一点的时间内跑完了全程。）
③ The explorer covered vast areas of the desert during his expedition.
（这位探险家在远征途中穿越了广阔的沙漠地区。）
Neither / Nor 倒装（否定词句首引起部分倒装）
① He didn’t attend the meeting. Neither did I.
（他没去开会。我也没去。）
② She didn’t believe his excuse. Nor did I.
（她不相信他的借口。我也不信。）
③ The first plan was not practical. Neither was the second one.
（第一个计划不切实际。第二个计划也不切实际。）
Even the most… can be… by… 即使最……也会被……
① Even the most advanced technology can be disrupted by a simple power failure.
（即使是最先进的技术，也可能被一次简单的断电所干扰。）
② Even the most experienced driver can be delayed by unexpected traffic jams.
（即使是最有经验的司机，也可能被意想不到的堵车耽搁。）
dawdle /ˈdɔːdl/ v. 磨蹭；慢吞吞地走
① He dawdled over his breakfast, making us all late.
（他慢吞吞地吃早餐，弄得我们都迟到了。）
② Stop dawdling! We’re going to be late.
（别磨蹭了！我们要迟到了。）
noun + after + noun 一个接一个地
① Day after day, she waited for his call, but it never came.
（日复一日，她等待他的电话，但电话始终没有打来。）
② Hour after hour, he waited for the news.
（他一小时又一小时地等待消息。）
③ Patient after patient complained about the long waiting time in the hospital.
（一个接一个的病人抱怨医院漫长的等待时间。）
④ Defeat after defeat, the team finally lost its confidence.
（一场接一场的失利之后，这支队伍终于失去了信心。）
It suddenly dawned on me 我突然恍然大悟
① It suddenly dawned on me that I had left the stove on.
（我突然想起来，我忘了关炉子。）
② It suddenly dawned on me that I had been reading the wrong map all along.
（我突然恍然大悟，原来我一直在看错地图。）
③ It dawned on him that his so-called friends were actually taking advantage of him.
（他突然明白，他所谓的那些朋友其实是在利用他。）
roar /rɔː/ v. 咆哮/轰鸣（拟声词，快速有力）
① The lion roared in the distance.
（狮子在远处咆哮。）
chug /tʃʌɡ/ v. 嘎嚓声缓慢前进（拟声词，慢速吃力）
① The old train chugged up the hill.
（老火车嘎嚓嘎嚓地爬上山坡。）
pass /pɑːs/ v. （时间）流逝
① Two weeks passed before I got his reply.
（两周过去了，我才收到他的回复。）
hear of 听说过（知道存在）
① I’ve never heard of that author.
（我从来没听说过那个作家。）
② I’ve never heard of this place.
（我从没听说过这个地方。）
hear about 听说（关于……的细节）
① Did you hear about the accident?
（你听说那场事故了吗？）
hear from 收到……的来信/来电
① I hear from him every week.
（我每周都收到他的来信。）
determined /dɪˈtɜːmɪnd/ adj. 下定了决心
① She determined to finish the project before the deadline.
（她下定决心在截止日期前完成这个项目。）
lodge a complaint 提出投诉
① If you are not satisfied with the service, you can lodge a complaint with the manager.
（如果你对服务不满意，可以向经理提出投诉。）
lodge /lɒdʒ/ v. 正式提出
① The union lodged a formal protest against the pay cuts.
（工会针对减薪提出了正式抗议。）
② You may lodge an appeal within 30 days of receiving the decision.
（你可以在收到决定后的30天内提出上诉。）
③ We lodged our application for a visa last week.
（我们上周提交了签证申请。）
later / after / in 时间表达辨析
① Two hours later, he left. （两小时后他离开了。）
② After two hours, he left. （两小时后他离开了。）
③ He will leave in two hours. （他两小时后会离开。）
deny /dɪˈnaɪ/ v. 否认（对事实说不）
① The company denied any responsibility for the accident.
（该公司否认对该事故负有任何责任。）
② He denied stealing the money.
（他否认偷了钱。）
refuse /rɪˈfjuːz/ v. 拒绝（对请求说不）
① He refused to help.
（他拒绝帮助。）
reject /rɪˈdʒekt/ v. 驳回/舍弃
① He rejected the offer.
（他拒绝了提议。）
borrow /ˈbɒrəʊ/ v. 借入（从别人那里拿进来）
① I borrowed a book from him.
（我向他借了一本书。）
lend /lend/ v. 借出（把自己的东西给人）
① He lent a book to me.
（他借给我一本书。）
note /nəʊt/ n. 语调；口气；特征
① There was a note of impatience in her voice.
（她的语气里透着一丝不耐烦。）
a note of… 一丝……的意味/口气（写作高级表达）
① There was a note of regret in his farewell speech.
（他的告别演讲中带着一丝遗憾。）
② She spoke with a note of authority that silenced everyone.
（她说话时带着一种不容置疑的权威语气，让所有人都安静了下来。）
③ His acceptance speech struck a note of humility and gratitude.
（他的获奖感言流露出谦逊和感激之情。）
triumph /ˈtraɪʌmf/ n. 胜利；得意洋洋
① He returned home in triumph after winning the championship.
（他赢得冠军后凯旋而归。）
in black and white 白纸黑字；书面形式
① I need to see the terms and conditions in black and white before I sign anything.
（在我签字之前，我需要把条款和条件白纸黑字看清楚。）
glance at 快速扫视一眼
① She glanced at the clock.
（她瞥了一眼时钟。）
glance at 与 look again 描写"冷静对峙"
① She glanced at my proposal briefly and told me to rewrite the conclusion.
（她漫不经心地扫了一眼我的提案，然后让我把结论重写一遍。）
② The teacher glanced at my homework, then told me to check the dates again.
（老师扫了一眼我的作业，然后叫我把日期再核对一下。）
③ He barely glanced at the map before telling me I was going in the wrong direction.
（他几乎没怎么看地图，就直接告诉我走错方向了。）
glimpse /ɡlɪmps/ n./v. 瞥见（被动看到）
① I caught a glimpse of her in the crowd.
（我在人群中瞥见了她。）
tiny /ˈtaɪni/ adj. 极小的；微小的
① A tiny mistake in the contract led to a huge loss.
（合同中的一个小错误导致了大损失。）
asterisk /ˈæstərɪsk/ n. 星号（*）
① Look for the asterisk at the end of the sentence.
（找找句末的星号。）
conduct /kənˈdʌkt/ v. 引导；带领（正式）
① The guide conducted the tourists around the museum.
（导游带领游客参观了博物馆。）
② The guide conducted the visitors through the ancient castle.
（导游带领游客穿过了这座古堡。）
③ The research findings conducted us to a new understanding of the disease.
（研究发现引导我们对这种疾病产生了新的认识。）
④ A series of clues conducted the detective to the final suspect.
（一连串线索引导侦探找到了最终的嫌疑人。）
footnote /ˈfʊtnəʊt/ n. 脚注
This service has been suspended 该班次已暂停运营
① The train service has been suspended due to the strike.
（该列车班次因罢工已暂停运营。）
suspend /səˈspend/ v. 暂停（可能恢复）
① The school has suspended classes due to the extreme weather.
（由于极端天气，学校已暂停上课。）
② His driving license was suspended for six months.
（他的驾照被暂扣了六个月。）
③ The company suspended the project until further notice.
（该公司暂停了该项目，直至另行通知。）
cancel /ˈkænsl/ v. 取消（彻底作废）
credulous /ˈkredjələs/ adj. 轻信的（修饰人）
① He is so credulous that he believes every ad.
（他太轻信了，什么广告都信。）
credible /ˈkredəbl/ adj. 可信的（修饰事物）
① He gave a credible explanation.
（他给出了可信的解释。）
incredible /ɪnˈkredəbl/ adj. 难以置信的
① It was an incredible experience.
（那是一次难以置信的经历。）
incredulous /ɪnˈkredjələs/ adj. 怀疑的（修饰人）
① He gave me an incredulous look.
（他用怀疑的眼神看了我一眼。）
improbable /ɪmˈprɒbəbl/ adj. 不大可能的
① It is improbable that he will win.
（他赢的可能性不大。）
unlikely /ʌnˈlaɪkli/ adj. 不太可能的（口语化）
obscure /əbˈskjʊə/ adj. 不起眼的；卑微的；模糊的
① He was an obscure artist until his work was discovered by a famous collector.
（在被一位著名收藏家发现之前，他一直是个默默无闻的艺术家。）
presume /prɪˈzjuːm/ v. 推定（基于证据的推测）
① The missing hiker was presumed dead after search teams found no trace of him for three weeks.
（在搜救队三周没有发现任何踪迹后，那位失踪的徒步者被推定死亡。）
plot /plɒt/ v. 密谋；策划
① They were plotting to overthrow the government.
（他们正在密谋推翻政府。）
conspire /kənˈspaɪə/ v. （事件）巧合促成；共同作用
① Weather and bad luck conspired to ruin our picnic.
（天气和霉运合谋毁掉了我们的野餐。）
② Economic downturn and government policies conspired to push up the unemployment rate.
（经济衰退和政府政策共同推高了失业率。）
③ Poor nutrition and lack of exercise conspire to damage our health.
（营养不良和缺乏锻炼共同损害着我们的健康。）
resemblance /rɪˈzembləns/ n. 相似（外貌或外在特征）
① She bears a striking resemblance to her mother.
（她长得和她母亲惊人地相像。）
bear /beə/ v. 具有；带有（特征）
① The tree bears fruit. （这棵树结果子了。）
② The document bears his signature. （这份文件上有他的签名。）
pour scorn on 对……嗤之以鼻；不屑一顾
① Many experts poured scorn on his theory at first, but later it proved to be correct.
（许多专家起初对他的理论嗤之以鼻，但后来证明它是正确的。）
② Many traditionalists poured scorn on the idea of online education when it first emerged.
（在线教育刚出现时，许多传统主义者对它嗤之以鼻。）
③ Critics poured scorn on the politician’s proposal, calling it unrealistic.
（批评者们对那位政客的提议不屑一顾，称其不切实际。）
Less… than… 不如……（降级比较结构）
① We are less patient than we used to be in the age of instant gratification.
（在这个即时满足的时代，我们比以前更缺乏耐心了。）
② People are less dependent on traditional media than they used to be.
（人们不像过去那样依赖传统媒体了。）
③ Children today are less physically active than they used to be.
（今天的孩子不像过去那样好动了。）
used to 过去常常（现在不再了）
① We are less credulous than we used to be.
（我们不再像以往那样轻易相信别人了。）
would （过去）常常（表示过去习惯）
① When I was a child, my grandmother would tell me stories every night.
（我小时候，奶奶每晚都会给我讲故事。）
② In ancient times, people would rely on the stars to guide their voyages.
（在古代，人们常依靠星星来指引航海。）
③ When I was in college, my roommate would stay up all night studying before exams.
（上大学时，我室友在考试前常会熬夜学习。）
bring… to a conclusion 使……结束
① The chairman brought the meeting to a conclusion.
（主席结束了会议。）
a series of 一系列的
① A series of unfortunate events led to his failure.
（一连串不幸事件导致了他的失败。）
coincidences /kəʊˈɪnsɪdənsɪz/ n. 巧合
① What a coincidence! I was just thinking about you.
（真巧！我刚才还在想你。）
wildly improbable 极其不可能的；荒诞离奇的
① The theory sounded wildly improbable at first, but later it was proven true.
（这个理论起初听起来极其荒谬，但后来被证实是真的。）
happily /ˈhæpɪli/ adv. 欣然；毫无异议地（带讽刺）
① He happily accepted the excuse without checking the facts.
（他二话不说就接受了那个借口，连事实都没核实。）
naive /naɪˈiːv/ adj. 天真的；幼稚的（贬义）
① His plan to solve the crisis was naive and unrealistic.
（他解决危机的方案既天真又不切实际。）
innocent /ˈɪnəsnt/ adj. 天真无邪的（褒义）
① She has an innocent smile.
（她有着天真无邪的笑容。）
find + 宾语 + 宾补 认为……怎么样
① Many people find online learning more convenient than traditional classes.
（许多人觉得在线学习比传统课堂更方便。）
② I find his argument totally unconvincing.
（我觉得他的论点完全无法令人信服。）
③ Some critics find the film too violent for young audiences.
（有些评论家认为这部电影对年轻观众来说过于暴力。）
Yet /jet/ 然而；但是（强转折）
① He worked hard, yet he failed.
（他努力了，然而他还是失败了。）
circumstances /ˈsɜːkəmstænsɪz/ n. 情况；环境
① Circumstances forced him to change his plan.
（客观情况迫使他改变了计划。）
do sometimes 确实有时（do 强调谓语动词）
① I do hope you can come.
（我确实希望你能来。）
anyone but… 除了……之外的任何人
① Anyone but Tom can do it.
（除了汤姆，谁都能做。）
no one but… 只有……
① No one but Tom can do it.
（只有汤姆能做。）
incredible /ɪnˈkredəbl/ adj. 难以置信的
① His story was so incredible that nobody believed him.
（他的故事太难以置信了，没人相信他。）
It is possible that… between A and B 表达科研推论
① It is possible that there is a definite relation between the rise in global temperature and the increase in carbon emissions.
（全球气温的上升与碳排放的增加之间，很可能存在着明确的关系。）
② It is highly probable that there is a strong correlation between sleep quality and academic performance among teenagers.
（青少年的睡眠质量与学业表现之间，极有可能存在着很强的相关性。）
than has been supposed 比人们所想象的（比较从句省略）
① It seems that the first human settlements in this region appeared at least 10,000 years earlier than has been supposed by previous historians.
（看来，该地区最早的人类定居点，至少比此前历史学家们所设想的早了10,000年。）
② It seems that children’s language acquisition begins much earlier than has been supposed by traditional theories.
（看来，儿童的语言习得开始时间，比传统理论所设想的要早得多。）
We have learnt to expect that… 习惯性地认为
① We have learnt to expect that technology will solve all our problems.
（我们早已习惯性地认为，技术能解决我们所有的问题。）
② Consumers have learnt to expect that online shopping will be faster and cheaper.
（消费者已经习惯于认为，网购会更快更便宜。）
After years of… + have developed an unshakable faith 经过多年……形成了不可动摇的信念
① After years of commercial advertising, most consumers have developed an unshakable faith in the effectiveness of expensive skincare products.
（经过多年的商业广告熏陶，大多数消费者对昂贵护肤品的功效产生了一种不可动摇的信念。）
② After years of exam-oriented education, many students have developed an unshakable faith that higher scores guarantee a brighter future.
（经过多年的应试教育熏陶，许多学生对"高分就能保证美好未来"产生了一种不可动摇的信念。）
让步—转折对比结构（A may…, B may…, but C must…）
① Street food may be cheap; fast food may be convenient, but home-cooked meals must be healthy.
（街头小吃可能便宜；快餐可能方便，但家常饭必须健康。）
② Email may be ignored; text messages may be skimmed, but a hand-written letter must be read with care.
（邮件可能被忽略；短信可能被扫一眼，但手写信件必须被认真阅读。）
③ Other students may be late; other teams may be unprepared, but our group must be punctual and well-organized.
（其他学生可能迟到；其他团队可能准备不足，但我们的团队必须准时且组织有序。）
because of / due to / owing to 辨析
① The flight was cancelled because of fog.
（航班因雾被取消。）
② The cancellation was due to fog.
（取消是因大雾所致。）
③ Owing to bad weather, the match was postponed.
（由于恶劣天气，比赛被推迟了。）
极端条件 + 讽刺句式（Only an exceptionally… might…）
① Only a catastrophic system failure might temporarily disrupt the operation of this highly advanced factory.
（只有一场灾难性的系统崩溃，才可能暂时中断这家高度先进的工厂的运作。）
② Only a major earthquake could possibly shake his unshakable belief in his own theories.
（只有一场大地震，才可能动摇他对自己理论那种不可动摇的信念。）
It is all too easy to… 表达社会批评
① It is all too easy to blame social media for the decline in face-to-face communication, but the real causes are far more complex.
（人们太容易把面对面交流减少归咎于社交媒体，但真正的原因要复杂得多。）
② It is all too easy to criticize the government when the economy slows down, without considering global market fluctuations.
（经济放缓时，人们太轻易就去批评政府，而不考虑全球市场的波动。）
③ It is all too easy to point fingers at teachers when students perform poorly in exams.
（学生考试成绩不好时，人们太容易把矛头指向老师。）
all too 与 only too 辨析
① It is all too true. （这实在太正确了，令人遗憾。）
② I’d be only too happy to help. （我非常乐意帮忙。）
The truth is that… 表达反转类观点
① The truth is that when traffic jams happen, they are more likely to be caused by poor urban planning than by individual drivers.
（事实是，交通堵塞发生时，更可能是糟糕的城市规划导致的，而不是个别司机的问题。）
② The truth is that when children misbehave, it is more likely to be our parenting style than their natural temperament.
（事实是，当孩子行为不端时，更可能是我们的养育方式的问题，而不是他们天生的性格问题。）
After consulting… / After checking… 满怀信心地开始某事
① After checking the weather forecast carefully, I noted with satisfaction that there would be sunshine throughout the weekend.
（在仔细查看了天气预报之后，我满意地发现整个周末都会是晴天。）
② After reviewing the contract thoroughly, the manager noted with satisfaction that all the terms were in their favor.
（在彻底审阅合同之后，经理满意地发现所有条款都对他们有利。）
cannot help doing 情不自禁
① When I saw the beautiful sunset, I could not help taking a photo.
（当我看到美丽的日落时，我忍不住拍了张照片。）
② He could not help laughing when he heard the joke.
（听到这个笑话时，他忍不住大笑起来。）
③ I could not help wondering why he was so late.
（我忍不住纳闷他为什么迟到这么久。）
besides / except / except for 辨析
① Besides John, Tom came too.
（除了约翰，汤姆也来了。——约翰也来了）
② Everyone came except John.
（除了约翰，大家都来了。——约翰没来）
③ The room was clean except for a book.
（房间很干净，除了一本书。）
strike 的五大核心含义
① He struck the table angrily. （他生气地捶打桌子。——击打）
② The clock struck twelve. （时钟敲了12下。——敲响）
③ It struck me as odd. （这让我觉得奇怪。——给……印象）
④ The earthquake struck the city. （地震袭击了这座城市。——突然降临）
⑤ The workers went on strike. （工人们罢工了。——罢工）
neither / either / so 倒装规则
① I love coffee. So does she. （肯定赞同，倒装）
② I don’t like tea. Neither does he. （否定赞同，倒装）
③ It’s cold today. So it is! （肯定强调，不倒装）
hold up 三大核心含义
① The accident held up traffic for hours. （事故把交通堵了好几小时。——阻挡）
② Hold up your hands if you agree. （同意的请举手。——举起）
③ Two men held up the bank yesterday. （昨天两人抢劫了那家银行。——抢劫）
dawdle / delay / linger 辨析
① Don’t dawdle over your homework. （做作业别磨蹭。——主观懒散）
② The flight was delayed by fog. （航班因大雾延误。——客观原因）
③ She lingered at the door. （她在门口逗留。——不舍/流连）
It dawned on me / occur to me / hit me 辨析
① It suddenly dawned on me that I had left the stove on. （我突然想起来忘了关炉子。——比喻"天亮"般的顿悟）
② It occurred to me that I never asked her name. （我想到我从没问过她名字。——中性）
③ It hit me that she was the one I’d been looking for. （我突然意识到她就是我一直在找的人。——冲击感）
roar vs. chug 拟声词对比
① The lion roared. （狮子怒吼。——低沉洪亮）
② The old engine chugged. （旧发动机咔嚓作响。——短促机械）
cover 表达"走完一段路"
① We managed to cover the remaining 50 miles before sunset.
（我们在日落前赶完了剩下的50英里。）
② The marathon runner covered the distance in just over two hours.
（这位马拉松运动员在两小时多一点的时间内跑完了全程。）
hear of / hear about / hear from 辨析
① I’ve never heard of that author. （从来没听说过。——存在性）
② Did you hear about the accident? （听说那场事故了吗？——细节/事件）
③ I hear from him every week. （每周都收到来信。——收到联系）
deny / refuse / reject 辨析
① He denied the charge. （他否认指控。——对事实说不）
② He refused to help. （他拒绝帮助。——对请求说不）
③ He rejected the offer. （他拒绝了提议。——不接受，语气强）
borrow / lend（中国学生犯错率最高的动词搭配）
① I borrowed a pen from him. （我向他借了一支笔。——主语拿来）
② He lent a pen to me. （他把一支笔借给了我。——主语给出）
passed / past 辨析
① An hour passed. （一个小时过去了。——动词过去式）
② Walk past the post office. （走过邮局。——介词）
③ In past years. （在过去的几年里。——形容词）
④ Don’t live in the past. （不要活在过去。——名词）
if（是否）/ whether / if（如果）辨析
① I asked if he was coming. （我问他是要来还是不来。——是否）
② I asked whether he was coming or not. （我问他是来还是不来。——正式/与or连用）
③ If it rains, I will stay. （如果下雨，我就留下。——条件状语）
determine to do / be determined to do 辨析
① He determined to go abroad. （他决心出国。——动作/较正式）
② He is determined to succeed. （他铁了心要成功。——状态/更常用）
later / after / in 时间表达
① Two hours later, he left. （两小时后他离开了。——过去时间往后推）
② After two hours, he left. （两小时后他离开了。——同上，中性）
③ He will leave in two hours. （他两小时后会离开。——从现在算起）
inhabitants / residents / citizens 辨析
① The island has only 200 inhabitants. （居住者）
② Local residents complained about the noise. （长期住户）
③ Every citizen has the right to vote. （公民）
stoop /stuːp/ v. 弯腰；俯身
① He stooped to pick up the coin. （他弯腰捡起那枚硬币。）
stoop to do 放下身段（本义+喻义）
① He would never stoop to cheating in an exam.
（他绝不会降低格调去考试作弊。）
comment on 对……发表评论
① The teacher commented on his excellent performance.
（老师对他出色的表现进行了点评。）
suggest /səˈdʒest/ v. 暗示/表明（陈述语气）vs. 建议（虚拟语气 should do）
① His expression suggested that he was angry. （他的表情表明他很生气。——暗示）
② I suggest that he apologize. （我建议他道歉。——建议，虚拟语气）
a chance in a million 百万分之一的机会
long-lost 失散已久的
① She finally reunited with her long-lost sister after 30 years.
（30年后，她终于与失散多年的妹妹团聚了。）
presumed dead 被推定死亡
① The missing pilot was presumed dead after the crash.
（坠机后，失踪的飞行员被推定死亡。）
all the time 一直、始终
① I knew the answer all the time.
（我一直都知道答案。）
wickedly /ˈwɪkɪdli/ adv. 恶毒地；居心叵测地
bring about 带来；导致；引起
① The invention of the internet brought about a revolution in communication.
（互联网的发明带来了通信革命。）
downfall /ˈdaʊnfɔːl/ n. 垮台；覆灭；衰落
① Greed was the cause of his downfall.
（贪婪导致了他的垮台。）
And so on 等等；诸如此类
① We bought apples, bananas, oranges, and so on.
（我们买了苹果、香蕉、橘子等等。）
such naive solutions 这种天真的结局（完全不可接受）
① Most people would find such a proposal impractical.
（大多数人会觉得这样的提议不切实际。）
totally unacceptable 完全不可接受的
① The proposal was totally unacceptable to the majority of the committee.
（该提议对委员会大多数人来说是完全不可接受的。）
was thought to have been killed 被认为已经阵亡
① The ancient temple is believed to have been built in the 12th century.
（这座古庙被认为建于12世纪。）
② The suspect is thought to have escaped to a neighbouring country.
（嫌疑人被认为已逃往邻国。）
twenty years before 二十年前（before 表"过去的过去"；ago 指"从现算起"）
walking tour 徒步旅行/远足
workman /ˈwɜːkmən/ n. 工人；体力劳动者
close resemblance 极其相似（外貌）
① The child bears a close resemblance to his father.
（那个孩子和他父亲非常像。）
striking resemblance 惊人地相似
① The two paintings bear a striking resemblance to each other.
（这两幅画惊人地相似。）
resemble /rɪˈzembl/ v. 与……相像
① She resembles her mother. （她与她母亲相像。）
be the spitting image of 简直是……的翻版
① She is the spitting image of her mother. （她简直是她母亲的翻版。）
killed in action (KIA) 阵亡
missing in action (MIA) 作战失踪
wounded in action (WIA) 作战负伤
be acquainted with 了解；熟知
① Are you fully acquainted with the details of the case?
（你完全了解这个案件的细节吗？）
might be 可能是（极不确切的推测，语气比 may 更弱）
① He might be waiting for us at the station.
（他可能在车站等我们。）
settle down 定居；安顿下来
① After graduating from college, he settled down in London, where he has worked as a journalist ever since.
（大学毕业后，他在伦敦定居下来，从那以后一直在那里做记者。）
② She settled down in a small coastal town and has lived there ever since.
（她在一个海滨小镇安了家，从此一直住在那里。）
ever since 从那以后一直……（常与完成时连用）
① She moved to New York in 2010 and has been working there ever since.
（她于2010年搬到纽约，从那以后一直在那里工作。）
② They met at a charity event ten years ago and have been close friends ever since.
（他们十年前在一个慈善活动上认识，从那以后一直是好朋友。）
remain /rɪˈmeɪn/ v. 停留、保持（强调"在变化中保持不变"，比 stay 正式）
① Despite the chaos around him, he remained calm and focused on solving the problem.
（尽管周围一片混乱，他仍然保持冷静，专注于解决问题。）
② Many questions remain unanswered about the origins of the universe.
（关于宇宙的起源，许多问题仍然没有答案。）
remain vs. stay 辨析
① He remained silent. / He remained in the village.
（他保持沉默。/ 他留在村里。——强调保持不变，正式）
② Stay here until I come back.
（待在这里直到我回来。——暂时停留，口语）
had been + 过去分词 过去完成时被动语态
① The building had been damaged by the storm before the rescue team arrived.
（在救援队到达之前，大楼已经被暴风雨损坏了。）
② By the time the police came, the evidence had been destroyed.
（警察到时，证据已经被毁掉了。）
Assuming that… 假定/以为……（基于不完整信息的主观推测）
① Assuming that the weather stays fine, the outdoor concert will go ahead as planned.
（假设天气保持晴好，户外音乐会将按计划进行。）
② Assuming that all goes well, we should be able to finish the project by the end of the month.
（假设一切顺利，我们应该能在月底前完成项目。）
assume / presume / suppose 辨析
① He assumed the report was true. （他假定报告是真的。——想当然，无依据）
② From the evidence, we presume he is guilty. （从证据判断他是有罪的。——有依据的推测）
air raid 空袭
inhabitants /ɪnˈhæbɪtənts/ n. 居民（某地的居住者）
① The island has only about 2,000 inhabitants, most of whom are fishermen and farmers.
（该岛只有约2000名居民，其中大多是渔民和农民。）
② The local inhabitants were very welcoming to the tourists who visited their village.
（当地居民对来访他们村庄的游客非常热情。）
be separated from 与……失散/隔离
① During the chaos, the child was separated from his parents.
（在混乱中，那个孩子与父母失散了。）
② The two countries were separated by the mountain range.
（这两个国家被山脉隔开。）
③ He felt completely separated from his old life.
（他觉得自己与过去的生活彻底脱节了。）
英式英语中 hospital 的冠词规则
① He is in hospital. （他在住院。——无冠词，患者）
② I work in the hospital. （我在那家医院工作。——有 the，非患者）
Meanwhile /ˈmiːnwaɪl/ adv. 与此同时
① I was busy at work. Meanwhile, the kids were having fun at home.
（我忙于工作。与此同时，孩子们正在家里玩得开心。）
unit /ˈjuːnɪt/ n. （军队的）分队/单位
① He was separated from his unit during the battle.
（他在战斗中与部队失散了。）
all records had been destroyed 所有档案记录都被销毁了
make one’s way back 设法走回
① He made his way back through the forest.
（他穿过森林，摸索着走回来了。）
on foot 步行
① I usually go to school on foot.
（我通常步行上学。）
what had become of ……怎么样了/结局如何
① What became of that old friend of yours?
（你那位老朋友后来怎么样了？）
Needless to say 不用说（插入语）
① Needless to say, he won the competition easily.
（不用说，他轻松赢得了比赛。）
bring about 的更多用法
① The economic crisis brought about a change in government.
（经济危机导致了政府的更迭。）
a chance in a million 百万分之一的机会
① There is a chance in a million that we might win the lottery.
（我们中彩票的概率只有百万分之一。）
propagate / spread / circulate 辨析
① Plants propagate through seeds. （植物靠种子繁殖。——繁殖）
② The news spread quickly. （消息传播得很快。——传播）
③ Rumors circulate in the office. （谣言在办公室里流传。——流传）
notify / inform / advise 辨析
① Please notify us when you arrive. （到达时请通知我们。——正式通知）
② He informed me of his decision. （他告知我他的决定。——告知）
③ The doctor advised me to rest. （医生建议我休息。——建议）
extend / expand / enlarge / amplify 辨析
① We extended our stay by two days. （我们把停留时间延长了两天。——延长时间）
② The company expanded its operations. （公司扩大了业务。——扩大范围）
③ I enlarged the photo to see the details. （我放大了照片看细节。——放大尺寸）
④ We need to amplify the sound. （我们需要放大声音。——放大音量）
After having been + 过去分词 （现在分词的完成被动式，强调动作在另一动作前已完成）
① After having been told the news, she burst into tears.
（得知消息后，她泪如雨下。）
towards the end of 在……接近尾声时（强调时间临近点）
① Towards the end of the meeting, he finally spoke up.
（会议快结束时，他终于开口了。）
sent to hospital 被送进医院（英式无冠词，表医疗目的）
① He was sent to hospital immediately after the accident.
（事故发生后，他立刻被送进了医院。）
wound vs injure 辨析
① wound：特指（在战争、打斗中）被利器/枪弹弄伤，军事用语
② injure：泛指（事故中）受伤，范围更广
英式英语 hospital 冠词规则
① He is in hospital. （他在住院。——无冠词，患者）
② I work in the hospital. （我在那家医院工作。——有 the，非患者）
③ He went to hospital. （他去医院看病了。——无冠词，看病）
④ He went to the hospital to meet a friend. （他去医院见朋友。——有 the，非医疗）
in hospital vs in the hospital
① He is in hospital. （他在住院。——英式，因医疗目的住院）
② He is in the hospital. （他在医院里。——美式，或探视/工作等非医疗目的）
reunite /ˌriːjuːˈnaɪt/ v. （使）重逢/重聚
① After ten years apart, the family was finally reunited.
（分别十年后，一家人终于团聚了。）
how it was that… 究竟是如何……（强调结构）
① How it was that he survived remains a mystery.
（他究竟是如何幸存下来的仍然是个谜。）
Meanwhile /ˈmiːnwaɪl/ adv. 与此同时
① I was busy at work. Meanwhile, the kids were having fun at home.
（我忙于工作。与此同时，孩子们正在家里玩得开心。）
a chance in a million 百万分之一的机会
① There is a chance in a million that we might win the lottery.
（我们中彩票的概率只有百万分之一。）
Needless to say 不用说（插入语）
① Needless to say, he won the competition easily.
（不用说，他轻松赢得了比赛。）
It has long been known that… 人们早就知道……（作文仿写）
① It has long been known that the primary function of advertising is not simply a form of information delivery, but a psychological tool to shape consumer desires.
（人们早就知道，广告的主要功能并不仅仅是一种信息传递形式，而是一种塑造消费者欲望的心理工具。）
② It has long been recognized that dreams are not simply random neural firings, but may reflect our subconscious concerns.
（人们早就认识到，梦境并不仅仅是随机的神经放电，可能反映了我们潜意识中的忧虑。）
as… as… could get to 表达"极限程度"（写作高级结构）
① This simple hut was as comfortable as the pioneers could get to a real home in the wilderness.
（这间简陋的小屋，是拓荒者在荒野中所能企及的最接近"家"的住所了。）
② For the ancient sailors, these crude maps were as accurate as they could get to a reliable navigation tool.
（对于古代水手来说，这些粗糙的地图是他们所能得到的最接近可靠导航工具的东西了。）
proto-writing 前文字/准文字阶段
① 前文字阶段：使用刻痕、图画辅助记忆，无固定语法（如第38课骨头刻痕）
② 准文字 Proto-writing：符号系统化，尚不能完整记录语言（如贾湖刻符）
③ 完整文字 Full writing：能记录完整口语，有固定语法（如苏美尔楔形文字）
wound / injure / hurt 辨析
① He was wounded in the battle. （他在战斗中受伤。——战争/打斗，军事用语）
② He was injured in a car accident. （他在车祸中受伤。——事故）
③ He hurt his back lifting a heavy box. （他搬重箱子时伤了背。——日常疼痛）
gullible / credulous 辨析
① He is so credulous that he believes every ad. （他太轻信了，什么广告都信。——缺乏批判性思维）
② Scammers target gullible people. （骗子专挑容易上当的人下手。——容易被骗/利用）
remarkable / striking / outstanding / prominent 辨析
① She made remarkable progress. （她取得了显著的进步。——引人注目/不寻常）
② There is a striking difference. （有显著差异。——视觉冲击强）
③ He is an outstanding student. （他是一名优秀的学生。——出类拔萃）
④ She plays a prominent role. （她扮演了重要角色。——地位突出/显眼）
